(源自網絡)Amanda(BackUp SoftWare)的安裝與設定
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- 分類: Linux
- 發佈: 2006-06-29, 週四 18:13
- 作者 Super User
- 點擊數: 18825
Amanda的安裝與設定(新版,用HardDisk):
================================
1) 設定Client
2) 設定Server
3) 取回data
1.設定Client (需要做Backup的電腦):
==================================
1) 使用yum install
yum install amanda
yum install amanda-client
2) Setting
a.修改/etc/xinetd.d/中amanda,使其disable設為no,然後使xientd reload一次.
b.修改"/var/lib/amanda/.amandahosts ",使server可連接到本電腦進行backup.如可讓backup.abc.com server上的amanda user可以backup 本機,則在.amandahosts裡加上:
backup.abc.com amada
c.使Server的ip地址和host name可相互對應,即可以ip地址找到其host name,以host nameip找到其地址.
d.iptables 中開通 1024-65534 端口
2.設定Server:
1) 使用yum install
yum install amanda
yum install amanda-server
yum install amanda-devel
yum install amanda-client
2) Setting
a.修改/etc/amanda/DailySet1/amanda.conf.(可參考sample)
vi /etc/amanda/DailySet1/amanda.conf
#
# amanda.conf - sample Amanda configuration file. This started off life as
# the actual config file in use at CS.UMD.EDU.
#
# If your configuration is called, say, "csd", then this file normally goes
# in /etc/amanda/csd/amanda.conf.
#
org "ns1_DailySet1" # your organization name for reports
mailto "Email住址會使用灌水程式保護機制。你需要啟動Javascript才能觀看它" # space separated list of operators at your site
dumpuser "amanda" # the user to run dumps under
inparallel 4 # maximum dumpers that will run in parallel
netusage 600 Kbps # maximum net bandwidth for Amanda, in KB per sec
dumpcycle 1 days # the number of days in the normal dump cycle
runspercycle 1 days # the number of amdump runs in dumpcycle days
tapecycle 3 tapes # the number of tapes in rotation
# 4 weeks (dumpcycle) times 5 tapes per week (just
# the weekdays) plus a few to handle errors that
# need amflush and so we do not overwrite the full
# backups performed at the beginning of the previous
# cycle
### ### ###
# WARNING: don't use `inf' for tapecycle, it's broken!
### ### ###
bumpsize 20 Mb # minimum savings (threshold) to bump level 1 -> 2
bumpdays 1 # minimum days at each level
bumpmult 4 # threshold = bumpsize * bumpmult^(level-1)
etimeout 300 # number of seconds per filesystem for estimates.
#etimeout -600 # total number of seconds for estimates.
# a positive number will be multiplied by the number of filesystems on
# each host; a negative number will be taken as an absolute total time-out.
# The default is 5 minutes per filesystem.
# Specify tape device and/or tape changer. If you don't have a tape
# changer, and you don't want to use more than one tape per run of
# amdump, just comment out the definition of tpchanger.
# Some tape changers require tapedev to be defined; others will use
# their own tape device selection mechanism. Some use a separate tape
# changer device (changerdev), others will simply ignore this
# parameter. Some rely on a configuration file (changerfile) to
# obtain more information about tape devices, number of slots, etc;
# others just need to store some data in files, whose names will start
# with changerfile. For more information about individual tape
# changers, read docs/TAPE.CHANGERS.
# At most one changerfile entry must be defined; select the most
# appropriate one for your configuration. If you select man-changer,
# keep the first one; if you decide not to use a tape changer, you may
# comment them all out.
runtapes 1 # number of tapes to be used in a single run of amdump
#tpchanger "chg-manual" # the tape-changer glue script
tpchanger "chg-multi"
#tapedev "/dev/nst1" # the no-rewind tape device to be used
#rawtapedev "/dev/null" # the raw device to be used (ftape only)
#changerfile "/var/lib/amanda/DailySet1/changer"
#changerfile "/var/lib/amanda/DailySet1/changer-status"
changerfile "/etc/amanda/DailySet1/changer.conf"
#changerdev "/dev/null"
tapetype HARD-DISK # what kind of tape it is (see tapetypes below)
labelstr "^DailySet2[0-9][0-9]*$" # label constraint regex: all tapes must match
# Specify holding disks. These are used as a temporary staging area for
# dumps before they are written to tape and are recommended for most sites.
# The advantages include: tape drive is more likely to operate in streaming
# mode (which reduces tape and drive wear, reduces total dump time); multiple
# dumps can be done in parallel (which can dramatically reduce total dump time.
# The main disadvantage is that dumps on the holding disk need to be flushed
# (with amflush) to tape after an operating system crash or a tape failure.
# If no holding disks are specified then all dumps will be written directly
# to tape. If a dump is too big to fit on the holding disk than it will be
# written directly to tape. If more than one holding disk is specified then
# they will all be used round-robin.
holdingdisk hd1 {
comment "main holding disk"
directory "/home/amanda/DailySet1" # where the holding disk is
use -1 Gb # how much space can we use on it
# a negative value mean:
# use all space except that value
chunksize 10 Gb # size of chunk if you want big dump to be
# dumped on multiple files on holding disks
# N Kb/Mb/Gb split disks in chunks of size N
# 0 split disks in INT_MAX/1024 Kb chunks
# -N Kb/Mb/Gb dont split, dump larger
# filesystems directly to tape
# (example: -2 Gb)
}
#holdingdisk hd2 {
# directory "/dumps2/amanda"
# use 1000 Mb
# }
#holdingdisk hd3 {
# directory "/mnt/disk4"
# use 1000 Mb
# }
# If amanda cannot find a tape on which to store backups, it will run
# as many backups as it can to the holding disks. In order to save
# space for unattended backups, by default, amanda will only perform
# incremental backups in this case, i.e., it will reserve 100% of the
# holding disk space for the so-called degraded mode backups.
# However, if you specify a different value for the `reserve'
# parameter, amanda will not degrade backups if they will fit in the
# non-reserved portion of the holding disk.
# reserve 30 # percent
# This means save at least 30% of the holding disk space for degraded
# mode backups.
# Amanda needs a few Mb of diskspace for the log and debug files,
# as well as a database. This stuff can grow large, so the conf directory
# isn't usually appropriate. Some sites use /usr/local/var and some /usr/adm.
# Create an amanda directory under there. You need a separate infofile and
# logdir for each configuration, so create subdirectories for each conf and
# put the files there. Specify the locations below.
infofile "/var/lib/amanda/DailySet1/curinfo" # database filename
logdir "/var/lib/amanda/DailySet1" # log directory
indexdir "/var/lib/amanda/DailySet1/index" # index directory
#tapelist "/var/lib/amanda/DailySet1/tapelist" # list of used tapes
# tapelist is stored, by default, in the directory that contains amanda.conf
# tapetypes
# Define the type of tape you use here, and use it in "tapetype"
# above. Some typical types of tapes are included here. The tapetype
# tells amanda how many MB will fit on the tape, how big the filemarks
# are, and how fast the tape device is.
# A filemark is the amount of wasted space every time a tape section
# ends. If you run `make tapetype' in tape-src, you'll get a program
# that generates tapetype entries, but it is slow as hell, use it only
# if you really must and, if you do, make sure you post the data to
# the amanda mailing list, so that others can use what you found out
# by searching the archives.
# For completeness Amanda should calculate the inter-record gaps too,
# but it doesn't. For EXABYTE and DAT tapes this is ok. Anyone using
# 9 tracks for amanda and need IRG calculations? Drop me a note if
# so.
# If you want amanda to print postscript paper tape labels
# add a line after the comment in the tapetype of the form
# lbl-templ "/path/to/postscript/template/label.ps"
# if you want the label to go to a printer other than the default
# for your system, you can also add a line above for a different
# printer. (i usually add that line after the dumpuser specification)
# dumpuser "operator" # the user to run dumps under
# printer "mypostscript" # printer to print paper label on
# here is an example of my definition for an EXB-8500
# define tapetype EXB-8500 {
# ...
# lbl-templ "/usr/local/amanda/config/lbl.exabyte.ps"
# }
define tapetype HARD-DISK {
comment "Hard disk instead of tape"
length 130 gbytes
}
define tapetype HP-DAT24 {
comment "HP SureStore DAT24, no compression"
comment "DDS-3 125 meter tape"
length 11703 mbytes #12GB
filemark 0 kbytes
speed 1000 kbytes
}
define tapetype DAT40i {
comment "just produced by tapetype program"
length 19488 mbytes
filemark 538 kbytes
speed 3073 kbytes
}
define tapetype QIC-60 {
comment "Archive Viper"
length 60 mbytes
filemark 100 kbytes # don't know a better value
speed 100 kbytes # dito
}
define tapetype DEC-DLT2000 {
comment "DEC Differential Digital Linear Tape 2000"
length 15000 mbytes
filemark 8 kbytes
speed 1250 kbytes
}
# Email住址會使用灌水程式保護機制。你需要啟動Javascript才能觀看它
# in amanda-users (Thu Dec 26 01:55:38 MEZ 1996)
define tapetype DLT {
comment "DLT tape drives"
length 20000 mbytes # 20 Gig tapes
filemark 2000 kbytes # I don't know what this means
speed 1536 kbytes # 1.5 Mb/s
}
define tapetype SURESTORE-1200E {
comment "HP AutoLoader"
length 3900 mbytes
filemark 100 kbytes
speed 500 kbytes
}
define tapetype EXB-8500 {
comment "Exabyte EXB-8500 drive on decent machine"
length 4200 mbytes
filemark 48 kbytes
speed 474 kbytes
}
define tapetype EXB-8200 {
comment "Exabyte EXB-8200 drive on decent machine"
length 2200 mbytes
filemark 2130 kbytes
speed 240 kbytes
}
define tapetype HP-DAT {
comment "DAT tape drives"
# data provided by Rob Browning <Email住址會使用灌水程式保護機制。你需要啟動Javascript才能觀看它>
length 1930 mbytes
filemark 111 kbytes
speed 468 kbytes
}
define tapetype DAT {
comment "DAT tape drives"
length 1000 mbytes # these numbers are not accurate
filemark 100 kbytes # but you get the idea
speed 100 kbytes
}
define tapetype MIMSY-MEGATAPE {
comment "Megatape (Exabyte based) drive through Emulex on Vax 8600"
length 2200 mbytes
filemark 2130 kbytes
speed 170 kbytes # limited by the Emulex bus interface, ugh
}
# dumptypes
#
# These are referred to by the disklist file. The dumptype specifies
# certain parameters for dumping including:
# auth - authentication scheme to use between server and client.
# Valid values are "bsd" and "krb4". Default: [auth bsd]
# comment - just a comment string
# comprate - set default compression rate. Should be followed by one or
# two numbers, optionally separated by a comma. The 1st is
# the full compression rate; the 2nd is the incremental rate.
# If the second is omitted, it is assumed equal to the first.
# The numbers represent the amount of the original file the
# compressed file is expected to take up.
# Default: [comprate 0.50, 0.50]
# compress - specify compression of the backed up data. Valid values are:
# "none" - don't compress the dump output.
# "client best" - compress on the client using the best (and
# probably slowest) algorithm.
# "client fast" - compress on the client using fast algorithm.
# "server best" - compress on the tape host using the best (and
# probably slowest) algorithm.
# "server fast" - compress on the tape host using a fast
# algorithm. This may be useful when a fast
# tape host is backing up slow clients.
# Default: [compress client fast]
# dumpcycle - set the number of days in the dump cycle, ie, set how often a
# full dump should be performed. Default: from DUMPCYCLE above
# exclude - specify files and directories to be excluded from the dump.
# Useful with gnutar only; silently ignored by dump and samba.
# Valid values are:
# "pattern" - a shell glob pattern defining which files
# to exclude.
# gnutar gets --exclude="pattern"
# list "filename" - a file (on the client!) containing patterns
# re's (1 per line) defining which files to
# exclude.
# gnutar gets --exclude-from="filename"
# Note that the `full pathname' of a file within its
# filesystem starts with `./', because of the way amanda runs
# gnutar: `tar -C $mountpoint -cf - --lots-of-options .' (note
# the final dot!) Thus, if you're backing up `/usr' with a
# diskfile entry like ``host /usr gnutar-root', but you don't
# want to backup /usr/tmp, your exclude list should contain
# the pattern `./tmp', as this is relative to the `/usr' above.
# Please refer to the man-page of gnutar for more information.
# Default: include all files
# holdingdisk - should the holding disk be used for this dump. Useful for
# dumping the holding disk itself. Default: [holdingdisk yes]
# ignore - do not back this filesystem up. Useful for sharing a single
# disklist in several configurations.
# index - keep an index of the files backed up. Default: [index no]
# kencrypt - encrypt the data stream between the client and server.
# Default: [kencrypt no]
# maxdumps - max number of concurrent dumps to run on the client.
# Default: [maxdumps 1]
# priority - priority level of the dump. Valid levels are "low", "medium"
# or "high". These are really only used when Amanda has no
# tape to write to because of some error. In that "degraded
# mode", as many incrementals as will fit on the holding disk
# are done, higher priority first, to insure the important
# disks are at least dumped. Default: [priority medium]
# program - specify the dump system to use. Valid values are "DUMP" and
# "GNUTAR". Default: [program "DUMP"].
# record - record the dump in /etc/dumpdates. Default: [record yes]
# skip-full - skip the disk when a level 0 is due, to allow full backups
# outside Amanda, eg when the machine is in single-user mode.
# skip-incr - skip the disk when the level 0 is NOT due. This is used in
# archive configurations, where only full dumps are done and
# the tapes saved.
# starttime - delay the start of the dump? Default: no delay
# strategy - set the dump strategy. Valid strategies are currently:
# "standard" - the standard one.
# "nofull" - do level 1 dumps every time. This can be used,
# for example, for small root filesystems that
# only change slightly relative to a site-wide
# prototype. Amanda then backs up just the
# changes.
# "noinc" - do level 0 dumps every time.
# Unfortunately, this is not currently
# implemented. Use `dumpcycle 0'
# instead.
# "skip" - skip all dumps. Useful for sharing a single
# disklist in several configurations.
# Default: [strategy standard]
#
# Note that you may specify previously defined dumptypes as a shorthand way
# of defining parameters.
define dumptype global {
comment "Global definitions"
# This is quite useful for setting global parameters, so you don't have
# to type them everywhere. All dumptype definitions in this sample file
# do include these definitions, either directly or indirectly.
# There's nothing special about the name `global'; if you create any
# dumptype that does not contain the word `global' or the name of any
# other dumptype that contains it, these definitions won't apply.
# Note that these definitions may be overridden in other
# dumptypes, if the redefinitions appear *after* the `global'
# dumptype name.
# You may want to use this for globally enabling or disabling
# indexing, recording, etc. Some examples:
# index yes
# record no
}
define dumptype always-full {
global
comment "Full dump of this filesystem always"
compress none
priority high
dumpcycle 0
}
define dumptype root-tar {
global
program "GNUTAR"
comment "root partitions dumped with tar"
compress none
index
# exclude list "/usr/local/lib/amanda/exclude.gtar"
priority low
}
define dumptype user-tar {
root-tar
comment "user partitions dumped with tar"
priority medium
}
define dumptype high-tar {
root-tar
comment "partitions dumped with tar"
priority high
}
define dumptype comp-root-tar {
root-tar
comment "Root partitions with compression"
compress client fast
}
define dumptype comp-user-tar {
user-tar
compress client fast
}
define dumptype holding-disk {
global
comment "The master-host holding disk itself"
holdingdisk no # do not use the holding disk
priority medium
}
define dumptype comp-user {
global
comment "Non-root partitions on reasonably fast machines"
compress client fast
priority medium
}
define dumptype nocomp-user {
comp-user
comment "Non-root partitions on slow machines"
compress none
}
define dumptype comp-root {
global
comment "Root partitions with compression"
compress client fast
priority low
}
define dumptype nocomp-root {
comp-root
comment "Root partitions without compression"
compress none
}
define dumptype comp-high {
global
comment "very important partitions on fast machines"
compress client best
priority high
}
define dumptype nocomp-high {
comp-high
comment "very important partitions on slow machines"
compress none
}
define dumptype nocomp-test {
global
comment "test dump without compression, no /etc/dumpdates recording"
compress none
record no
priority medium
}
define dumptype comp-test {
nocomp-test
comment "test dump with compression, no /etc/dumpdates recording"
compress client fast
}
define dumptype comp-root-no-tar {
root-tar
compress client best
}
define dumptype comp-root-no-shadow {
root-tar
compress client best
exclude "./shadow*"
}
define dumptype comp-root-tar-a-d {
root-tar
comment "Root partitions with compression"
compress client best
exclude "./[e-z0-9]*"
}
define dumptype comp-root-tar-e-h {
root-tar
comment "Root partitions with compression"
compress client best
exclude "./[a-di-z0-9]*"
}
define dumptype comp-root-tar-i-l {
root-tar
comment "Root partitions with compression"
compress client best
exclude "./[a-hm-z0-9]*"
}
define dumptype comp-root-tar-m-p {
root-tar
comment "Root partitions with compression"
compress client best
exclude "./[a-lq-z0-9]*"
}
define dumptype comp-root-tar-q-t {
root-tar
comment "Root partitions with compression"
compress client best
exclude "./[a-pu-z0-9]*"
}
define dumptype comp-root-tar-u-z {
root-tar
comment "Root partitions with compression"
compress client best
exclude "./[a-t0-9]*"
}
define dumptype comp-root-tar-other {
root-tar
comment "Root partitions with compression"
compress client best
exclude "./[a-z]*"
}
# network interfaces
#
# These are referred to by the disklist file. They define the attributes
# of the network interface that the remote machine is accessed through.
# Notes: - netusage above defines the attributes that are used when the
# disklist entry doesn't specify otherwise.
# - the values below are only samples.
# - specifying an interface does not force the traffic to pass
# through that interface. Your OS routing tables do that. This
# is just a mechanism to stop Amanda trashing your network.
# Attributes are:
# use - bandwidth above which amanda won't start
# backups using this interface. Note that if
# a single backup will take more than that,
# amanda won't try to make it run slower!
define interface local {
comment "a local disk"
use 1000 kbps
}
define interface eth0 {
comment "10 Mbps ethernet"
use 400 kbps
}
# You may include other amanda configuration files, so you can share
# dumptypes, tapetypes and interface definitions among several
# configurations.
#includefile "/usr/local/amanda.conf.main"
b.修改/etc/amanda/DailySet1/disklist,增加要backup的資料路徑.(可參考sample)
vi /etc/amanda/DailySet1/disklist
# sample Amanda2 disklist file, derived from CS.UMD.EDU's disklist
#
# If your configuration is called, say, "csd2", then this file normally goes
# in /etc/amanda/csd2/disklist.
#
# File format is:
#
# hostname diskdev dumptype
#
# where the dumptypes are defined by you in amanda.conf.
# At our site, root partitions have a different dumptype because they
# are of lower priority; they don't contain user data, and don't change
# much from the department prototype. In a crunch, they can be left for
# last or skipped.
## A SPARCstation 1+
#salty sd0a comp-root
#salty sd0g comp-user
#salty sd1g comp-user
#salty sd2a comp-root
#salty sd2g comp-user
#salty sd3c comp-user
#
## A DECstation 3100
#slithy rz1a comp-root
#slithy rz1g comp-user
#slithy rz3a comp-root
#slithy rz3g comp-user
#
## We don't run compression on the master host since it is going to be
## busy enough running amanda.
#master sd0a nocomp-root -1 local
#master sd0g nocomp-user -1 local
## note: -1 is a placeholder for the spindle number
## the holding disk can't be dumped to itself, it uses a disktype that
## specifies the "no-hold" option (see amanda.conf).
#master sd1c holding-disk -1 local
#
## The chairman's disk is high priority to make sure it gets done.
#bigwig sd0a comp-root
#bigwig sd0g comp-high
## Likewise the named databases in the root partition on our primary
## nameserver. Also, compression is turned off because we don't want
## to create any unnecessary load on this baby (it's only a Sun3).
#bozo sd0a nocomp-high
#bozo sd0g nocomp-user
#bozo sd4c nocomp-user
#
## Dump Joe's NetBSD machine, with the mounted MS-DOS partition dumped
## using tar.
#joespc wd0a comp-root
#joespc wd0e comp-user
#joespc /msdos comp-user-tar
#
## Some really slow machines, like Sun2's and some Vaxstations, take
## forever to compress their dumps: it's just not worth it.
#
## A Sun2
#cleo sd0a nocomp-root
#cleo sd0g nocomp-user
## A VaxStation
#susie rz8a nocomp-root
#susie rz8g nocomp-user
#
## and so on ... well, you get the idea
#ns1
ns1.jason-tang.com /etc comp-root-no-shadow
ns1.jason-tang.com /var/named comp-root-no-tar
ns1.jason-tang.com /home/jason comp-root-tar-a-d
ns1.jason-tang.com /home/jason/ comp-root-tar-e-h
ns1.jason-tang.com /home/jason/. comp-root-tar-i-l
ns1.jason-tang.com /home/jason/./ comp-root-tar-m-p
ns1.jason-tang.com /home/jason/./. comp-root-tar-q-t
ns1.jason-tang.com /home/jason/././ comp-root-tar-u-z
ns1.jason-tang.com /home/jason/././. comp-root-tar-other
ns1.jason-tang.com /var/spool/mail comp-root-no-tar
c.建立changer.conf (可參考sample)
vi /etc/amanda/DailySet1/changer.conf
multieject 0
gravity 0
needeject 0
ejectdelay 0
statefile /var/lib/amanda/DailySet1/changer-status
firstslot 1
lastslot 3
slot 1 file:/home/amanda/DailySet1/tape01
slot 2 file:/home/amanda/DailySet1/tape02
slot 3 file:/home/amanda/DailySet1/tape03
d.建立虛擬tape的目錄
mkdir -p /home/amanda/DailySet1/tape01/data
mkdir -p /home/amanda/DailySet1/tape02/data
mkdir -p /home/amanda/DailySet1/tape03/data
chown -R amanda.disk /home/amanda
chmod -R 770 /home/amanda
e.標記label
轉換成amanda 身份.
su amanda
amlabel DailySet1 DailySet101 slot 1
amlabel DailySet1 DailySet102 slot 2
amlabel DailySet1 DailySet103 slot 3
f.測試是否正常.
轉換成amanda 身份.
su amanda
/usr/sbin/amcheck DailySet1
g.排除問題後,則可以定時運行 /usr/sbin/amdump DailySet1,作定時BackUp
crontab -e
0 0 * * * /usr/sbin/amdump DailySet1
3.取回data:
=====================
到适當的位置,用root的身份運行"/usr/sbin/amrestore backupfiles" 即可得到backup,再用tar -xvf 解開所有files
如取回ns100.newsbook.net中的etc
1.)去相應的位置找到文件 "00007.ns100.newsbook.net._etc.0"
2.)/usr/sbin/amrestore 00007.ns100.newsbook.net._etc.0 生成文件ns100.newsbook.net._etc.20060326.0
3.)tzr -xvf ns100.newsbook.net._etc.20060326.0 則得到所有files